Programas de educação em saúde em escolas para adolescentes: revisão integrativa da literatura / Health education programs in schools for adolescents: an integrative literature review / Programas de educación en salud en escuelas para adolescentes: una revisión integrativa de la literatura

Introdução: Projetos de educação em saúde em escolas possibilitam a criação de oportunidades e transformação da realidade, em que os alunos tornam-se disseminadores do conhecimento para a comunidade. Objetivo: Analisar programas de educação em saúde para jovens em escolas, a fim de verificar o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação como estratégias para as intervenções. Método: Foi realizada uma Revisão Integrativa da literatura. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, Scopus e Embase, considerando os últimos 10 anos. Resultados: A amostra final contemplou 27 estudos. Diferentes tipos de estratégias e recursos foram utilizados, algumas envolvendo tecnologia de informação e comunicação, outras não. Dentre estes recursos, os mais utilizados foram projeção audiovisual presente em 13 artigos, e discussão e diálogo, presentes em 16 artigos. Em relação à avaliação dos programas, 26 artigos descreveram os resultados, em 23 casos os resultados foram positivos, e em três casos os resultados foram regulares. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que são inúmeras as estratégias e recursos utilizados no desenvolvimento de um projeto de educação em saúde eficaz. Nos estudos desenvolvidos no Brasil, houve predominância da utilização de recursos tecnológicos, como o uso de tutores eletrônicos para atividades à distância. (AU)

Introduction: Health education projects in schools create opportunities to transform reality, as students help spread knowledge to the community. Objective: To analyze health education programs for young people in schools, to verify the use of information and communication technology as intervention strategies. Method: An integrative review of the literature was conducted, searching articles in the PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Embase databases, considering the last 10 years. Results: The final sample had 27 studies. Various types of strategies and resources were used; some of them included information and communication technology, while others did not use them. The most used resources were audiovisual projection (present in 13 articles) and discussion and dialog (present in 16 articles). As for program assessment, 26 articles reported the results ­ which were positive in 23 and average in three of them. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that countless strategies and resources are used to develop effective health education projects. The use of technological resources (such as electronic tutors in remote activities) predominated in Brazilian studies. (AU)

Introducción: Los proyectos de educación para la salud en las escuelas permiten la creación de oportunidades y la transformación de la realidad, en la que los estudiantes se convierten en difusores del conocimiento a la comunidad. Objetivo: Analizar los programas de educación para la salud de los jóvenes en las escuelas, con el fin de verificar el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como estrategias de intervención. Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica integradora. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS, Scopus y Embase, considerando los últimos 10 años. Resultados: La muestra final comprendía 27 estudios. Se utilizaron diferentes tipos de estrategias y recursos, algunos con tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, otros no. Entre estos recursos, los más utilizados fueron la proyección audiovisual, presente en 13 artículos, y el debate y el diálogo, presentes en 16 artículos. En cuanto a la evaluación de los programas, 26 artículos describieron los resultados, en 23 casos los resultados fueron positivos y en tres casos los resultados fueron regulares. Conclusión: Este estudio demostró que existen numerosas estrategias y recursos utilizados en el desarrollo de un proyecto de educación sanitaria eficaz. En los estudios desarrollados en Brasil, hubo un predominio del uso de recursos tecnológicos, como el uso de tutores electrónicos para las actividades a distancia. (AU)

Dental students' and lecturers' perception of the degree of difficulty of caries detection associated learning topics in Brazil / 보건의료교육평가

PURPOSE: It aimed to explore the degree of difficulty of caries-detection-associated-topics perceived by dental students and lecturers as pedagogical step in the development of learning objects for e-learning. METHODS: A convenience sample comprising ninety-eight subjects from different academic levels (undergraduate/graduate students and pediatric dentistry lecturers) participated. Two spreadsheets (isolated/relative) were created considering key topics in the caries detection process. The isolated evaluation intended to explore each topic in an isolated way, while the relative intended to classify, comparatively, the participants' perceived difficulty per topic. Afterwards, data were analyzed. All values on spreadsheets were combined obtaining the subject's final perception. Associations between the subjects' degree of the perceived difficulty and academic level were estimated. ANOVA was used to determine differences regarding the perception among evaluated topics in distinct groups. RESULTS: Caries histopathology and detection of proximal carious lesions were the topics perceived as the most difficult in the process of caries detection by both students and lecturers. Differentiation between an extrinsic pigmentation and a brown-spot (caries lesion) as well as differential diagnosis between caries and enamel developmental defects or non-carious lesions were considered as more difficult by undergraduates in comparison to graduates/lecturers (regression-coefficient=14.54; Standard Error=3.34; P<0.001 and 8.40, 3.31, and 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION: Topics as histopathology and detection of proximal caries lesions were identified as the most difficult despite the academic level. However, some topics are differently perceived according to the group. These results are useful for developing pedagogical material, based on the students real learning needs/expectations.